The Frequency of Sister Chromatid Exchanges following Exposure to Varying Doses of H3-thymidine or X-rays

In the Chinese hamster cell line CHEF-125, sister chromatid exchanges occurred at a rate of a little higher than one per three chromosomes for each cell cycle. The exchanges were detectable by labeling with H(3)-thymidine and autoradiographic analyses of chromosomes at the second and subsequent metaphases after labeling had occurred. To test the hypothesis that sister chromatid exchanges are caused by radiation, cells were incubated in media with different amounts of H(3)-thymidine. No statistically significant change in the exchange rate was detected over 100-fold range of variation in the amount of incorporated H(3)-thymidine (determined by grain counts of autoradiographs). We have concluded that sister chromatid exchanges are not caused by tritium radiation and therefore are spontaneous events. Cultures were also irradiated with acute doses of x-rays up to 200 r and scored for sister chromatid exchanges. Between zero and 50 r there was a statistically significant increase in the rate of exchanges. This is interpreted as evidence that x-rays can induce some exchanges, although the majority of these events are probably spontaneous.